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Linux中設置服務自啓動的三種方式

時間：2014-05-13 12:09:37 阅读：415 評論：0 收藏：0 [點我收藏+]

標簽：linux 服務開機啓動

有时候我们需要Linux系统在开机的时候自动加载某些脚本或系统服務

主要用三種方式進行這一操作：

ln -s 在/etc/rc.d/rc*.d目录中建立/etc/init.d/服務的软链接(*代表0～6七个运行级别之一）

chkonfig 命令行运行级别设置

ntsysv 伪图形运行级别设置

注意：1.這三種方式主要用于以redhat爲基礎的發行版

2.如果还不知道运行级别是什么，那么最好先看看相关资料再实验

第一种方式：ln -s 建立啓動软连接

在Linux中有7種運行級別（可在/etc/inittab文件設置），每種運行級別分別對應著/etc/rc.d/rc[0~6].d這7個目錄

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Tips：/etc/rc[0~6].d其實是/etc/rc.d/rc[0~6].d的軟連接，主要是爲了保持和Unix的兼容性才做此策

這7個目錄中，每个目录分别存放着对应运行级别加载时需要关闭或啓動的服務

由詳細信息可以知道，其实每个脚本文件都对应着/etc/init.d/目录下具体的服務

K開頭的腳本文件代表運行級別加載時需要關閉的，S開頭的代表需要執行

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因此，当我们需要開機啓動自己的脚本时，只需要将可执行脚本丢在/etc/init.d目錄下，然後在/etc/rc.d/rc*.d中建立軟鏈接即可

[root@localhost ~]# ln -s /etc/init.d/sshd /etc/rc.d/rc3.d/S100ssh

此处sshd是具体服務的脚本文件，S100ssh是其软链接，S开头代表加载时自啓動

如果需要在多個運行級別下設置自啓動，則需建立多個軟鏈接

这种方式比较繁琐，适用于自定义的服務脚本

如果系统中已经存在某些服務（比如安装apache时就会有httpd服務项），可以使用下面的两种方式

第二種方式：chkconfig

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如果需要自啓動某些服務，只需使用chkconfig 服務名 on即可，若想關閉，將on改爲off

在默認情況下，chkconfig會自啓動2345這四個級別，如果想自定義可以加上--level選項

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上面我们先将sshd服務的所有啓動级别关闭，然后使用--level選項啓動自定义级别

Tips：--list選項可查看指定服務的啓動状态，chkconfig不带任何選項则查看所有服務状态

第三种方式：ntsysv 伪图形

ntsysv和chkconfig其實是一样的，只不过加上了图形而已

啓動ntsysv有兩種方式，一是直接在命令行中輸入ntsysv，二是使用setup命令，然后选择系统服務

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默認情況下，當前運行級別爲多少，在ntsysv中设置的啓動服務的级别便是多少

比如，我当前的运行级别是3,那么我在伪图形界面中选择啓動服務后，它的运行级别也会是3

如果想自定義運行級別可使用ntsysv --level方式

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以上三种操作需要保证服務脚本文件可执行，并且要有root权限

其中，第一种方式多用于自定义脚本，第二、三种多用于系统已存在的服務

比如ftp、samba、ssh、httpd等等

並且，要做相關設置需要弄清楚運行級別的問題

Tips：如果想手动啓動某服務，传统的方式是 /etc/init.d服務名 start

实际上还可以这样，service 服務名 start

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本文出自 “左羅CTO” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://zorro.blog.51cto.com/2139862/1410056

Linux中設置服務自啓動的三種方式,布布扣,bubuko.com

Linux中設置服務自啓動的三種方式

標簽：linux 服務開機啓動

原文地址：http://zorro.blog.51cto.com/2139862/1410056

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