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基于LVS實現負載均衡

時間：2014-05-03 20:35:15 阅读：409 評論：0 收藏：0 [點我收藏+]

標簽：lvs 负载均衡 dr nat tun

LVS-NAT模型：

工作原理：將內部地址轉化爲Internets上可用的外部地址。NAT的工作原理是報文頭（目標地址、源地址和端口等）被正確改寫後，客戶相信它們連接一個IP地址，而不同IP地址的服務器組也認爲它們是與客戶直接相連的。由此，可以用NAT方法將不同IP地址的並行網絡服務變成在一個IP地址上的一個虛擬服務。

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实验环境：3台虚拟机，其中一台做Director Server配备2个网卡，另外2台是Real Server

操作步驟：

一：在Real Server上：

1：RIP1：# ifconfig eth0 172.16.100.101/24 --->配置Real Server 1的IP地址

2：RIP1：# route add default gw 172.16.100.100 -->指定默认网关为Director Server的DIP

3：RIP1：# vim /var/www/html/index.html

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4：RIP1：# service httpd start ---> 启动http服务。

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5：RIP2：# ifconfig eth0 172.16.100.102/24

6：RIP2：# route add default gw 172.16.100.100

7：RI2：# vim /var/www/html/index.html

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8：RIP2：# service httpd start

二：在Director Server上:

1：# yum -y install ipvsadm --->安装ipvs的rpm包

1：# ifconfig eth1 172.16.100.100/24 --->配置DIP

2：# ifconfig eth0 192.168.0.109/24 --->配置VIP

3：# vim /etc/sysctl.conf --->启动路由转发功能

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4：# sysctl -p --->让修改的路由转发立即生效

5：# ipvsadm -A -t 192.168.100.100:80 -s rr --->添加集群服务

6：# ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.0.109:80 -r 172.16.100.101 -m --->把两个主机添加到集群服务

7：# ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.0.109:80 -r 172.16.100.102 -m

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驗證：

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1：LVS-DR模型之

工作原理：調度器根據各個服務器的負載情況，動態地選擇一台服務器，不修改也不封裝IP報文，而是將數據幀的MAC地址改爲選出服務器的MAC地址，再將修改後的數據幀在與服務器組的局域網上發送。因爲數據幀的MAC地址是選出的服務器，所以服務器肯定可以收到這個數據幀，從中可以獲得該IP報文。當服務器發現報文的目標地址VIP是在本地的網絡設備上，服務器處理這個報文，然後根據路由表將響應報文直接返回給客戶。

（1）DIP、VIP、RIP、處于同一網段：

拓撲圖:

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实验环境：3台虚拟机，其中一台做Director Server配备2个网卡，另外2台是Real Server

Director Server：配置：

# ifconfig eth0:0 192.168.2.100/24 --->配置VIP
# vim /etc/sysctl.conf             --->配置转发
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
# sysctl -p

Real Server的配置：

修改2个内核参数：
# echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
# echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/etho/arp_ignore
# echo 2 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/eth0/arp_announce
# echo 2 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
配置VIP 禁止广播，禁止响应
# ifconfig lo:0 192.168.2.100 netmask 255.255.255.255 broadcast 192.168.2.100 up
配置转发接口
# route add -host 192.168.2.100 dev lo:0
开启httpd服务，并提供测试页面
# service httpd start
# vim /var/www/html/index.html
<h1>This is web1 </h1>

验证：

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三：LVS-TUN：

工作原理：是將一個IP報文封裝在另一個IP報文的技術，這可以使得目標爲一個IP地址的數據報文能被封裝和轉發到另一個IP地址。IP隧道技術亦稱爲IP封裝技術

实验拓扑：

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Real Server

修改内核参数:

[root@web1 ~]# cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
1
[root@web1 ~]# cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/eth0/arp_ignore
1
[root@web1 ~]# cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/eth0/arp_announce
2
[root@web1 ~]# cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
2

指定默认网关:

[root@web1 ~]# route add default gw 172.16.20.13
[root@web1 ~]# route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
link-local      *               255.255.0.0     U     1002   0        0 eth0
172.16.0.0      *               255.255.0.0     U     0      0        0 eth0
default         172.16.20.13    0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 eth0

配置VIP并指定转发机制：

[root@web1 ~]# ifconfig lo:0 192.168.2.200 netmask 255.255.255.255 broadcast 192.168.2.200 up
[root@web1 ~]# route add -host 192.168.2.200 dev lo:0

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开启httpd服务，提供测试页面并测试

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Director Servver配置：

# yum -y install ipvsadm
# ipvsadm start
# echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
# ifconfig eth0:0 192.168.2.200/24 up
# ipvsadm -A -t 192.168.2.200:80 -s rr
# ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.2.200:80 -r 172.16.20.11 -i
# ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.2.200:80 -r 172.16.20.12 -i
# ipvsadm -L -n

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本文出自 “歡迎大家來做客” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://aperson.blog.51cto.com/3480661/1405711

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基于LVS實現負載均衡

標簽：lvs 负载均衡 dr nat tun

原文地址：http://aperson.blog.51cto.com/3480661/1405711

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